芯片堆叠散热难题：研究人员探索在芯片堆栈内嵌入微型液冷通道

We can keep making chips more powerful, but there is a problem. Eventually, you have to figure out how to stop them from cooking themselves…! As chips get stacked on top of each other, some of the hottest layers can end up buried underneath other chips. That matters because heat can limit the performance of everything from your phone and laptop to the massive computers running AI. So researchers are exploring tiny liquid cooling channels built directly into the chip stack, bringing coolant much closer to where the heat is actually being generated. But now engineers have to fit both electricity and liquid cooling into an incredibly tiny space. And solving that could be one of the keys to making the next generation of computers even more powerful.

AI 导读

随着芯片层层堆叠，最热的层会被压在其它芯片下方，散热路径变长、界面增多，热量难以导出，进而限制手机、笔记本和运行 AI 的大型计算机的性能。研究人员正探索在芯片堆栈内部直接构建微型液冷通道，让冷却液更靠近发热层，缩短散热路径并触及从外部难以冷却的热点。难点在于工程师必须在极小空间内同时布置电路连接与液冷通道，并保证通道密封且能承受压力。

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以下是视频口播的自动转写，可能有错字。

Stacking computer chips put some of the heat in a very awkward place, which is underneath another chip. So, how do they cool then the bottom layers of the chip?

So, let's follow the heat for this example. It has to travel through the materials around the chip until it reaches something that can carry it away.

Each interface along that route can make the journey well, harder. One approach researchers have been exploring is to bring liquid coolant into tight.

Tiny channels within the stack, close to the hot layers. So, as the liquid passes through, it absorbs heat. A pump carries the warmed liquid away, and the cooling system releases the heat elsewhere.

Now, the benefit with a shorter path is it can also help reach hot spots that are difficult to cool from outside the stack.

But those layers also need electrical connections, so engineers have to fit both into very limited space. While keeping the channel sealed and strong enough to handle the pressure.

So cooling the stacked chip involved designing the route of the liquid alongside the route of electricity. And when you really think about just how small of surfaces they're doing this on and designing this on.

I mean they're so tiny, it's pretty incredible. Share this with someone who loves tech.